Which peptide is known for stimulating appetite and growth hormone release?

Ghrelin is a peptide that plays a significant role in stimulating appetite and promoting the release of growth hormone from the pituitary gland. It is often referred to as the "hunger hormone" because its levels in the blood increase before meals and decrease after eating, signaling the brain to induce the sensation of hunger. This peptide is produced primarily in the stomach, but it can also be found in smaller amounts in other tissues.

In addition to its appetite-stimulating effects, ghrelin has important interactions with the neuroendocrine system, influencing growth hormone release, which is vital for growth, metabolism, and overall energy balance. This dual role is essential for maintaining homeostasis and ensuring that the body meets its energy needs.

Insulin, cortisol, and leptin, while also involved in appetite regulation and metabolism, play distinct roles. Insulin primarily regulates blood glucose levels and facilitates energy storage, cortisol is related to stress responses and metabolism, and leptin signals satiety and informs the brain about energy reserves. Therefore, ghrelin stands out for its specific functions in appetite enhancement and growth hormone stimulation.