Which of the following best describes the role of genes?

The role of genes primarily revolves around the synthesis of proteins. Genes, which are segments of DNA, contain the instructions necessary for producing proteins through the processes of transcription and translation. These proteins play critical roles in the body, including serving as enzymes, structural components of cells, and regulators of biological processes.

By outlining the sequence of amino acids that make up proteins, genes are essential for the proper functioning of cells and, subsequently, the organism as a whole. This protein synthesis is foundational to nearly all biological activities, and any mutations or alterations in genes can lead to a variety of health issues or developmental abnormalities. Thus, the correct understanding of gene functioning centers on their central role in protein production rather than their influence on behaviors, environmental changes, or social outcomes.