Which autoimmune disorder affects acetylcholine receptors, resulting in impaired nerve impulse transmission?

Myasthenia Gravis is an autoimmune disorder characterized by the body's immune system producing antibodies that target acetylcholine receptors at the neuromuscular junction. This interferes with the normal action of acetylcholine, a neurotransmitter necessary for muscle contraction and nerve impulse transmission.

In a healthy neuromuscular junction, acetylcholine binds to its receptors, triggering muscle contractions. However, in Myasthenia Gravis, the binding of antibodies to these receptors blocks or destroys them, leading to muscle weakness and fatigue. This condition typically affects voluntary muscles, particularly those controlling eye movements, facial expressions, and swallowing, and the strength of these muscles diminishes with prolonged use.

The other disorders mentioned do not primarily affect acetylcholine receptors. Guillain-Barré Syndrome is characterized by peripheral nerve damage resulting in weakness and sensory loss, but it does not specifically target acetylcholine receptors. Sjögren's Syndrome primarily affects moisture-producing glands and leads to dry mouth and eyes, and is not related to muscle weakness mediated by acetylcholine. Multiple Sclerosis involves the immune-mediated destruction of myelin in the central nervous system, impairing nerve impulse transmission, but it does not target the neuromuscular junction specifically. Thus,