What type of neurons carry signals from the brain to muscles and glands?

Motor neurons, also referred to as efferent neurons, are specifically responsible for transmitting signals from the brain and spinal cord to effectors such as muscles and glands. These neurons play a crucial role in initiating movement and executing various physiological functions, guiding the muscle contractions needed for voluntary and involuntary actions.

Motor neurons have long axons that extend to the target muscles, allowing for the direct control of muscle activity. When these neurons are activated, they release neurotransmitters at the neuromuscular junction, facilitating the contraction of muscle fibers. This process is essential for all types of bodily movements, from simple reflexes to complex motions.

Interneurons primarily act as connectors or processors of information within the central nervous system, while sensory neurons carry information from sensory receptors to the central nervous system. Glial cells, on the other hand, serve supportive functions in the nervous system and do not transmit signals in the way that neurons do. Thus, the identification of motor neurons as the carriers of signals from the brain to muscles and glands directly reflects their specialized role in motor control and bodily coordination.