What type of memory is defined as involving conscious recollection of facts and events?

The definition provided in the question aligns perfectly with declarative memory, which is a type of long-term memory responsible for the conscious recollection of facts and events. This encompasses both semantic memory, which deals with general knowledge and facts, and episodic memory, which relates to personal experiences and specific events.

Declarative memory is characterized by the ability to actively recall information, which distinguishes it from other memory types. For example, when you remember a specific historical event or retrieve information for a test, you are utilizing declarative memory.

In contrast, other types of memory such as procedural memory involve skills and tasks that are performed without conscious awareness, like riding a bike or typing on a keyboard. Sensory memory refers to the brief retention of sensory information, and short-term memory is focused on holding a limited amount of information for a short period, typically up to 20-30 seconds, without involving the conscious recollection of facts and events. Thus, declarative memory is the correct answer as it specifically pertains to the conscious recollection of information.