What is the primary function of the hippocampus in the brain?

The primary function of the hippocampus is predominantly associated with the formation of new memories. This brain structure plays a critical role in consolidating information from short-term memory to long-term memory, particularly for declarative memories, which encompass facts and experiences. The hippocampus is involved in spatial memory and navigation as well, helping individuals remember locations and orient themselves in their environment.

Its importance is highlighted in various studies involving patients with damage or lesions to the hippocampus, which often results in difficulty forming new memories while previously established memories can remain intact. This emphasizes the role of the hippocampus as a vital component of the memory system, distinguishing it from the other options related to emotional regulation, motor coordination, and visual processing.