In terms of neuroplasticity, what is synaptic strengthening?

Synaptic strengthening refers to an increase in the efficacy of synaptic transmission between neurons, which is a key component of neuroplasticity. When synaptic strengthening occurs, it leads to increased connectivity between neurons, enhancing communication and potentially leading to various forms of learning and memory. This process involves mechanisms such as long-term potentiation (LTP), where repeated stimulation of a synapse results in an increased release of neurotransmitters or an upregulation of receptors on the postsynaptic side.

The enhancement of connectivity means that the neural networks involved in specific tasks, skills, or memories become more robust, thus improving the brain's ability to process information and respond to stimuli. This process is fundamental to how experiences can lead to lasting changes in the brain structure and function, underscoring the dynamic nature of the nervous system.