How is short-term memory different from long-term memory?

Short-term memory is characterized by its temporary nature, typically holding onto information for a brief period, often around 15 to 30 seconds. This form of memory acts as a sort of "working memory" where information is processed and manipulated. In contrast, long-term memory is designed to store information more permanently, allowing for retention that can last from days to a lifetime. This distinction emphasizes the duration and capacity differences between the two types of memory.

While short-term memory has a limited capacity, often cited as being able to hold around 7 items plus or minus 2, long-term memory can store a vast amount of information over extended periods. This capacity allows people to develop extensive knowledge and experiences, reinforcing the contrast between the two types. Therefore, the correct choice accurately represents the fundamental difference where short-term memory acts as a fleeting repository, whereas long-term memory establishes a lasting archive of our experiences and learned information.