How does myelin sheath enhance neural function?

The myelin sheath plays a crucial role in enhancing neural function by speeding up the transmission of electrical impulses along the axons of neurons. This insulating layer formed by glial cells prevents the loss of electrical current, allowing the action potentials to travel more efficiently.

In myelinated axons, the electrical impulses jump from one node of Ranvier (gaps in the myelin) to the next in a process known as saltatory conduction. This greatly increases the velocity of signal transmission compared to unmyelinated axons, where impulses must propagate continuously along the entire length of the membrane, leading to slower communication.

The rapid transmission of signals is critical for the proper functioning of the nervous system, as it allows for quicker reflexes, timely responses to stimuli, and efficient communication between different parts of the brain and body.